Edwin e



E. E. BARNEY.

TYPEWRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB- 7.1922.

Patenttl Get. 10, 1922;

awumdoz WITNESSES Patented Oct. 10, 1922.

UNITED sTATEs I I 1,431,553 PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN E. BARNEY, OF NEXV ROCHELLE. NEW' YORK, ASSIGNOR 'IO REMINGTON TYZPE- RITER COMPANY, OF ILION, NEXV YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TYPEWRITING MACHINE.

Application filed February '7, 1922. Serial 1V0. 534,716.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN E. BARNEY, citizen of the United States, and resident of New Rochelle, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Typewriting Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to back spacing mechanism for typewriting machines, and its general object is to provide new and improved mechanism of the character stated. More specifically, the object of the invention is to provide key-operated back spacing mechanism which is effective to back space the carriage a uniform fraction of a letter space distance, as for example, a half-letter space distance, at each actuation, and to retain or positively hold the carriage automatically and entirely independently of the back-space key in the position to which it is back spaced, without operatively affecting the normal letter feeding or escapement mechanism. i r

The result of employing this novel mechanism is that the next character will be imprinted contiguous to or connected with the preceding character and that concurrently with or following such imprinting there will occur a full letter spacing movement of? the carriage, just as thdugh there had been no doubled or, compounded character a full letter space distance from the next succeeding character that may be printed, whatever it may be, as well as from the character which preceded the doubled character. The invention is thus particularly adapted for use in machines for writing foreign. languages employing a far larger number of characters than are afforded by the types of the usual typewriting machine when taken singly, and in which recourse is had for eX- tending the scope of the machine to various expedients, such as doubling or otherwise compounding some characters to make additional characters. The present invention was designed for a typewriting machine provided with types for writing the Bengali language, one of the East Indian languages that is derived from the Sanskrit, but it is of course to be understood that the use of said invention is not restricted to any particular language.

The invention will be more particularly described in connection with the accompanying drawing wherein,

Figure 1 is a fragmentary front-to-rear vertical sectional view of a Monarch typewriting machine embodying the invention, only so much of the machine being shown as s necessary to a full understandingof the invention.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary transverse vertical sectional View taken on the plane indicated by the section line 1-1 in Fig. '1 and hooking in the direction of the arrow at said Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view taken on the plane of the section line 2-2 in Fig. 1 and looking rearward as indicated by the arrow.

igures l andfi are specimens of typewrlting.

As appears from Fig. 1 the frame. of the machine comprises a base 1, posts 2 and a top plate 3, said frame providing a support for .rey operated type bars 4, each carrying a type block 5 provided with two characters, which in the present instance are Bengali characters. The type bars are adapted to cooperatewith the front face of a rotary platen 6 journaled in end bars 7 extending horizontally forward from the opposite, ends, of a rear bar 8, the bars 7 and v8 constituting a traveling platen carriage. The rear bar is grooved at its top and hottomto co-operate with anti-friction balls 9 which also seat in stationary grooved guideways 10. Mounted on the carriage isa feed rack 11 provided with arms 11 supported on the end bars 7, which rack normally meshes with a feed pinion 12 fixed to the forwardend of a shaft 13 journaled in a bracket 14 that is secured to the top plate 3. A circular rack or escapement wheel 15 is loosely. mounted on the rear end portion of said shaft, said wheel being perforated to fit loosely over the hub 16 of a small ratchet wheel 17, the escapement wheelv and the ratchet wheel being rigidly secured together as by rivets 18, the ratchet wheel being behind the escapement wheel, and the two together constituting in effect aunitary member. The hub 16 surrounds the shaft 13 and also bears rotatably in the bore of the bracket 14. The escapement wheel 15 is provided with peripheral teeth 15 (Figs. 1 and 2) there being thirteen of such teeth in the present instance. The

ratchet wheel 17 is provided with the same number of teeth, thirteen, asis'the escapement wheel, the distance from one tooth to the next in both instances corresponding to a letter space or unit of movement of the traveling carriage. A housing or cover 19 surrounds the ratchet wheel 17 and is provided with a central boss or hub 20 which fits over the shaft 13 at its rear end portion and is maintained in a fixed relationship with said shaft by set screws 21. A pair of pawls 22 are mounted on thehousing or ratchet box, each pawl being pivoted on a pivot pin 23 projecting forward from the bottom or rear wall of the depression in the housing. Thetwo pawlsare dis osed at opposite sides of'the ratchet whee and their arrangement differs from prior con,-

structionsin that they are relatively off-set so that when one is fully engaged with a tooth of the ratchet wheel 17, the other pawl, as will be clearly understood from Fi-g- 3, has its tooth midway between the two ratchet wheel teeth that are on the opposite side of the ratchet wheel, the disengaged pawl tooth being substantially diametrically opposite the tooth of the engaged pawl. It will be understood that by reason of this off-setting of the pawls the number of teeth of the ratchet wheel are in effect substantially doubled; that is, the

pawls successively engage and hold the ratchet wheel at intervals correspondlng to half the distance from one tooth to the next, giving the same result as though the ratchet vheelhad twice as many, or twenty-six teeth. The pawls 22 are constantly pressed inward and maintained in 'en agement with the ratchet wheel by leaf springs 24:, said springs being each secured by a rivet 25 to the inner wall of the housing. The construction is such that when the shaft 13 is turned in letter space direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 8,,the escapement wheel 15 will be caused to turn with said shaft by reason of the engagement of one of the pawls 22 with a tooth of the ratchet wheel 17. In other words, the pull of the usual carriage motor or spring drum will be transmitted from the traveling carriage through the feed rack 11 to the feed pinion 12, its rigid shaft 13 and the rigidly mountward. When the carriage is retracted or moved back and the shaft 13 is caused to turn in the opposite directionfrom the tive turning movement between the shaft and the escapement wheel and breaking the connection between said escapement wheel and the feed pinion 12, so that the escapement wheel is permitted to remain quiescent during the backward turning of the feed pinion due to the retraction of the carriage and the feed rack 11. h

The general construction of the back spacing mechanism corresponds with that of the Monarch typewriting machine, and with the disclosure of the patent to George A. Seib, No. 904,233, granted Nov. 17, 11908, to which reference may be had for a fuller description of details than is herein contained. F ixedly secured to the rear end portion of the escapement shaft 13 is a toothed back spacing wheel preferabl formed by providing the periphery of tie housing 19 with only as a cover for the pawl and. ratchet.

mechanism but also as a back s acing wheel which co-operates with the. ot er members or elements of the back spacing mechanism to effect a step-by-step movement of the.

carriage backwardl'y or in an opposite direction to the forward or leftward step-by-step letter space feed movements thereof. The back spacing wheel 19, 29 employed. with my present invention differs from the prior construction however in the respect that the number of teeth 29 amounts to twenty-six or-twice as many as the number of escapement wheel teeth 15*, the parts being proportioned so that the distance between teeth 29 of the back spacing wheel corresponds to half a letter space movement of the carriage and to half the distance from one tooth 15 I to another of the escapement wheel 15. Co-

operative with the teeth 29 of the back spacing wheel is a backspacing pawl member 30 provided with: a pawl tooth 31 and a tailed portion 32. The member 30 is pivoted at to the inner end portion of a horizon- .tally disposed lever 34 which is fulcrumed at 35 to a lug or bracket 36 depending from the top plate. The pawl member 30 extends u ward through an opening 8 in the top p ate and its tailed portion 32 is normally maintained in engagement with: the under side of the top plate by a C-shaped spring 37 which is secured to the lever 34: at one end by ascrew 38 and bears at its free end against the tail of the pawl. In Figure 2 it Will be apparent that normally the pawl tooth 31 is disengaged from the teeth 29 of the back spacing wheel, due to the contact of the tail orstop portion 32 with the top plate, so that the normal operation of the connections between the carriage and its escapement wheel are not obstructed. The outer end of the pawl-supporting and actir ating lever 34 has pivotally connected to it at 39 the upper end of a vertically disposed. link 40, the lower end whereof is pivotally connected at 41 with the rear end of a key lever 42 having a stationary fulcrum {l3 and terminating in the keyboard of the machine in an upstanding stem portion which is provided with a back spacing finger button or key 4: 1. A wire spring 45 at the pivot or fulcrum 43 co-operates with the back. spacing lever 42 normally to maintain it engaged with a stationary stop 46, the spring, also operating to restore the lever 42 and connected parts to normal position after actuation. The normal position of the lever 34: is maintained by the stop 46 acting through the connected train of devices.

In operation, when the back space key 44; is actuated, the rear arm of the lever 42 will be elevated, raising the link 40 and swinging the lever 34 on its pivot 35, raising the outer arm of said lever 34: and lowering the inner arm on which the pawl 30 is mounted. During the first part of this loweringor downward movement the tail 32 oi. the pawl member 30 will be maintained in contact with the top plate by the spring 37, the re sult being that the pawl member will. be turned on its pivot until the tooth 31 engages with a tooth 29 of the back spacing wheel. Thereafter as the downward move ment is continued, the pawl member 30 through its tooth 31 will operate to turn the back spacing wheel in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 2) until the parts are arrested, as for example by the engagementol the outer or righthand end of the lever 34- with the under side of the top plate. as the back spacing wheel 19, 29 is thus turned backward, the pawls 22 will slide over the backs of the teeth of the ratchet wheel 17 until the back spacing operation ceases, the parts bein soadjusted that then one of said pawls will be engaged behind one of the ratchet wheel teeth, thus holding or positively detaining the back space wheel and the parts controlled thereby in the positions to which they have been moved. The shaft 13 will of course participate in the back spacing turning movement of the wheel 19, 29 and will transmit such movement through the pinion 12 and rack 11 to the carriage, which will consequently be moved in reverse direction. The parts are so proportioned and arranged that at each actuation of the back space key 44 the back spacing wheel 19, 29 will be turned a distance cor esponding to the space between two of its teeth and the carriage will be moved backward a distance amounting to one-half a letter space or unit of movement. When the back space key 4st released after operation, the lever 42, link 40, lever 34 and pawl member 30 will be reand. is pronounced cliche.

stored to normal position, but the carriage will of course remain in the position to which it has been back spaced, due to the holding action of the ratchet wheel. 17 on one of its cobperating pawls 22, said. ratchet wheel l ng maintained relatively lined at this time by reason oi the engagement of the escapement wheel 15 with the forward dog or detent 26.

It willv be obsei ed that the backward spacing of the carriage to the extent oi a half-letter spare does not depend on maintaining the has space rey a l: depressed, but is due to the holding or detent means 17, 22, said means being independent oi? the back spacing key and preventing the carriage from moving forward under the impulse of its spring; after said hey is released. The result is that the next type impression will be made halt a space, in stead of? a i ull letter space, in advance of the immediately preceding type impression and that following said next type impression the carriage will space -lull letterspace distance, so th the second character printed after the baclc spacing operation will be a normal distance or full letter space from the first cha "ter so printed. It will also be observed that the carriage always moves "forward a lull letter space distance when the escapeincnt mechanism is actuated, and always moves backward a half letter space distance when the hack spacing mechanism is actuated, the carriage being held at the end of such back spacing movement by means included in the connections between the back spacing mechanism and the ei'scapeinent inecha: In

As has been stated, my present invention is part'cularly adapted for use in, typewriting the Bengali language, aid Figs. 4 and 5 are illustr tive cnples of the advantagenus employ nent ol the invention in writing" Bengali characters. In the upper line of Fig. 4 the character E (pronounced. "cha") is shown written and then repeated at a letter space interval, these two characters being pronounced separate Y when so written, as cha, cha. are same line, however, the character l is doubled, or compouuded with itself. by first Writing the single character, then operating the back spacing kev 4t-l to hack the carriage letter space distance. and then again writing the character 5 hall letter space dist nce in ad vance oi' the previously rittcn clu cter. This conniounded c aractcr is a separate and distinct cha ter .11 Bengali In the second line of Fig. 1 the character 5, and the character (pronounced chha) are written a letter space distance apart, and are accord.- ingly pronounced separately; but when compounlled as shown the right in said line,

the character 5 being there written after back spacing the carriage a hall? letter space distance, a new character results which is pronounced chchha. It will be seen that as a result the scope of the machine may be greatly expanded. by thus doubling or compounding characters to produce new characters. In Fig. illustrated an important advantage oi? the present invention over prior constructioi'is. in that figure the character 5 is shown typewritten singly several times followed by the doubled or compounded character Eb, the doubled character being "followed again by the two separately written bs. From. an inspection of this figure it will be observed that the spacing or intervals between the doubled character EB and the characters which respectively immediately precede it and succeed it are equal, and that those spaces also equal the spaces oetween the characters when singly written, such spacing oil course being due to the regular letter feeding or stepby-step movements of the carriage under control oi its escapenlent mechanism. in other words, by the ei'nployment of my pre ent invention equal s iiacing is maintained between all oit'the characters whether singles or compounds or doubles,- thus producing a uniform appearance in the writing no matter how many compounded characters may be employed. This is a pronounced advantage over prior back-spacing constructions.

It will of course be understood that the principles of my invention may be adapted to other constructions of back spacing mechanism than that illustrated herein; and that the carriage may be back spaced fractional distances, or parts of a full letter space, other than halt spaces, and then held. independently of the back s iacing key. For example, in order to back space one third of'a letter space and hold the carriage, there might be employed a back spacing wheel having three times as many teeth as the escapement wheel, together with three pawls for the ratchet wheel, these three pawls being relatively oil-set so that one would. always engage with a tooth of the ratchet wheel when said wheel had been turned a distance COllCSPOUCllHg with one third ot a v tooth space.

devices comprising a toothed escapement wheel, a back spacing wheel provided with double the number of teeth of the escapenient wheel, a key operated back spacing pawl co-operative with said back spacing wheel, and detent means for holding said back spacing wheel after it has been back spaced a distance corresponding to the distance between two of its teeth.

In a typewriting machine, the combination of a traveling carriage, escapement devices comprising a toothed escapement wheel, a back spacing wheel provided with twice as many teeth as the escapement wheel, positive connections between said back spacing wheel and said carriage, and a key operated back spacing pawl co-operative with said back spacing wheel.

4. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a traveling carriage, escapement devices comprising a toothed escapement wheel, a back spacing wheel provided with twice as many teeth as the escapement wheel, positive connections between said back spacing wheel and said carriage, a key operated back spacing pawl co-operative with said back spacing wheel, anddetent means for holding said back spacing wheel after it has been back spaced a distance corresponding to the distance between two oi its teeth.

In a typewriting machine, the combination of a traveling carriage, escapement devices comprising a toothed escapement wheel, a back spacing wheel provided'with twice as many teeth as the escapement wheel, positive connections between said back spacing wheel and said carriage, pawl and ratchet connections between said escapement wheel and said back spacing wheel, and a key operated back spacing pawl co-operative with said back spacing wheel, said pawl and ratchet connections holding said back spacing wheel after it has been back spaced a distance correspond ing to the distance between two of its teeth.

6. In a typewriting machine for writing the Bengali language, the combination of a traveling carriage, escapement devices comprising a toothed escapement wheel, a back spacing wheel provided with twice as many teeth the escapement wheel, positive connections between said back spacing wheel and. said. carriage, pawl and ratchet connections between said escapement wheel and said back spacing wheel comprising a ratchet wheel having the same number of teeth as the escapement wheel, and a pair oi. pawls co-operating with said ratchet wheel and off-set relatively to each other a. distance corresponding to a halttooth on the ratchet wheel, and a key operated back spacing pawl co-operative with said back spacing wheel, said pawl and ratchet connections positively holding said back spacing wheel after it has been back spaced a distance corresponding to the distance between two of its teeth.

7. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a feed rack, a pinion, an escapement wheel, escapement dogs affording a full letter space movement of the carriage whenever the escapement dogs are actuated, a back spacing wheel, a back spacing pawl, and means whereby the carriage is back spaced always a uniform fraction of a letter space distance and held whenever the back spacing pawl is actuated.

8. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen carriage, escapement mechanism for affording letter space feeding movements of the carriage, back spacing mechanism for back spacing the carriage a uniform distance equal to a fraction of av full letter space distance, and detent means always effective to retain the carriage-in its back spaced position after it has been back spaced such fractional letter space distance.

9. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a feed rack, a pinion, an escapement wheel, escapement dogs affording a full letter space movement of the carriage whenever the escapement dogs are actuated,

a back spacing wheel, a' back spacing pawl,

and means whereby the carriage is backspaced always a half letter space held whenever the back spacing pawl is actuated.

10. In a typewriting machine, the combi nation of a platen carriage, escapement mechanism for affording letter space feeding movements of the carriage, back spacing mechanism for back spacing the carriage distance equal to one-half a letter space, and detent means for retaining the carriage after it has been back spaced a half letter space distance.

11. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen carriage, escapement mechanism for affording letter spaced feeding movements of the carriage, a back spac ing key, devices operative by said key for back spacing the carriage a half-letter space distance, and means independent of said back spacing key for holding said carriage in its back spaced position. 7

12. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen carriage, escapement mechanism affording letter'space feeding movements of said carriage, a back spacing key, devices operated by said key for uniformly back spacing the carriage a fractional part of a full letter space distance, and

means for preventing the carriage from moving forward after the back spacing key is released following its actuation, said means comprising a ratchet wheel having its teeth spaced apart a distance corresponding to a letter space distance, and plurality of pawls off-set to engage successively with said ratchet wheel after relative turning movements corresponding to said fractional back spacing distances.

13. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a platen carriage; escapement mechanism for affording letter space feeding movements of the carriage; a back spacing key; devices operative by said key for back spacing the carriage a half-letter space tance; and means for preventing the carriage from moving forward after the back spacing key is released following its actuation, said means comprising a ratchet wheel having its teeth spaced apart a distance cor responding to letter space distance, and a pair of pawls cooperative with said ratchet wheel and offset to co-operate alternately with said ratchet wheel after relative turnlng movements corresponding to half-letter space distances.

1a. In typewriting machine, the combination of a traveling carriage, a feed rack, a feed pinion, an escapement wheel, escape- ;s co -opera said escapeinent ment do tive with wheel, pawl and ratchet devices connecting said escapemen; wheel with said pinion. back spacing devices comprising a back spacingwheel connected with said pawl and ratchetdevices and with said pinion, said. pawl and ratchet devices being}; effective to hold said carriage after it has been back spaced a halfletter space distance by said back spacing devices.

15. In a typewriting machine, the combi nation of a traveling carriage, escapement devices comprising a toothed escapement wheel, a back spacing wheel provided with twice as many teeth as the escapement wheel, a back spacing pawl, a lever on which said pawl is pivoted, a back spacing key lever, and a link connecting said key lever with said first named lever.

Signed. at the borough of hflanhattan, city of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 6th dav of February, A, D. 1922. U

EDWIN E. BARNEY.

Witnesses:

CHARLES E. SMITH,

E. M. WELLS. 

